Bowlby’s Attachment Theory Essay example - 1156 Words

Bowlby’s attachment theory has greatly influenced practice. His theory of attachment explains the importance of having a figure that the child shares a strong bond with. Having an attachment can significantly support a child’s development as Barbara Woods suggests that â€Å"his theory of attachment proposed that attachment is innate in both infants and mothers, and that the formation of this attachment is crucial for the infants development† Wood, B (2001, p.53). Bowlby believed that forming an attachment will help a child develop in all areas e.g. emotionally, physical and mentally. However if they did not form an attachment in the sensitive period, the child may have issues or problems in their cognitive, emotional and social development.†¦show more content†¦If any problems occur to the child, they can return to their secure base which is their key worker, who can offer them comfort. Although key workers are not there for children who have not formed an attachment with their parents, they are they to offer support and comfort. The strength of Bowlby’s approach is that it has introduced the key worker system, which has helped a great deal with supporting children’s needs and development. Key workers can track their progress and plan and implement activities which promote their development. While working at my last year’s placement in a nursery setting, I was informed that each child had a key worker assigned to them. I observed that when parents would leave their children, some would cry and get upset, the key worker would then take them aside and comfort them or try to distract them. Having the key workers there for them made the child more emotionally secure. His theory has also influenced other child care practices such as hospitals. Parents are now able to stay with their children due to understanding their emotional development can be disrupted if their attachment figure is not with them through a difficult period of their life when they need support. â€Å"Parent’s were encouraged to be with the child in hospital: nursing care and the ward itself became child-centered† Wood, B (2001, p.60). Some research states that children need to have a good relationshipShow MoreRelatedBowlbys Theory Of Attachment1378 Words   |  6 PagesBowlby (1969) and his theory of attachment: An example of an extreme nature theorist is Bowlby (1969) and his theory of attachment. Bowlby believed that all mental health and behavioural problems could be linked to early childhood health. Bowlby’s theory suggests that all children are biologically pre-programmed to form relationships and attachments with others before they are even born for survival and that the fear of strangers in babies and young children represents an important survival mechanismRead MoreBowlbys Attachment Theory And Attachment1274 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Simply Psychology, Bowlby’s attachment theory says an individual can have an attachment with someone that is not shared. Attachment is characterized by behaviors in children such as seeking proximity with their attachment figure when upset. Bowlby’s experiments led him to see the importance of a child and mother relationship. (Saul McLeod, 2009) With more research later came four phases of attachment. Phase one is from birth to two months, this stage is where babies seek comfort, andRead MoreBowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1943 Words   |  8 PagesBowlbys Attachment Theory Findings form animal studies were a powerful influence on Bowlbys thoughts. He suggested too that there was a critical period for the development of attachments between infant and care giver. According to Bowlby infants display an innate tendency to become attached to one particular individual. He called this monotropy. He suggested this tendency was qualitatively different from any subsequent attachment a child might form. However, heRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Theories of Attachment Theory949 Words   |  4 Pagesdo not develop in a void or as â€Å"individual monads† but as members of interacting systems. Bowlby developed his theory on attachment for several decades, and at a time where any dealings with childhood trauma were still rigorously influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis through the likes of psychoanalysts such Anna Freud or Melanie Klein. Even Winnicott was â€Å"revulsed† upon reading Bowlbys papers (siegel). It certainly was a bitter pill to swallow for psychoanalysts who had been repeating since FreudRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Bowlbys original theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953)Read MoreJohn Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay2161 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Bowlby’s attachment theory established that an infant’s earliest relationship with their primary caregiver or mother shaped their later development and characterized their human life, â€Å"from the cradle to the grave† (Bowlby, 1979, p. 129). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their self-esteem, well-being and the romantic relationships that they form. Bowlby’s attachment theory had extensive research done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the mother-infantRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 Pageslater life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowlby defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to o ne another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (Psychologistworld.com, 2016). This essay will discuss and evaluate two theories of attachment: one being Dollard and Miller’s learning theory of attachment and the other being Bowlby’s evolutionRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Path to Developing the Attachment Theory Essay593 Words   |  3 Pagesmany different theories on this subject, but a well-known theory is the Attachment Theory written by John Bowlby in the mid-twentieth century. John Bowlby born on February 26, 1907, was a twentieth century psychologist who contributed too many modern day psychoanalytic theories. At a young age he hardly saw his mother due to the fact that she believed, like many other mothers at that time, affection and attention would lead to spoiling of the child. So he developed a deep attachment to his nanny sinceRead MoreHow Has Bowlby’s Original Formulation of Attachment Theory Essay example2374 Words   |  10 PagesBowlby’s (1946) original formulation of attachment theory drew upon both psychoanalytic and ethol ogical theory and generated a significant amount of subsequent research. The core principle behind Bowlby’s theory was that the formation of a stable, healthy attachment with a caregiver in the early years of life is the key for an infants’ future emotional, social and cognitive development. Bowlby explained that this primary attachment relationship develops because infants need a mechanism to ensureRead MoreBowlbys Theory of Attachments854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is a strong and emotional bond that develops over time between two individuals that is reciprocal. 1. THE THEORY * Bowlby’s theory suggests that attachment is evolutionary and is needed to aid survival. * He did observational research to link orphans with psychological damage. * Babies are helpless and rely on adults. They make instinctive decisions because they haven’t actually learnt anything yet. Bowlby said that babies must be genetically programmed

Business Plan Reviews & Tips

Business Plan Reviews & Tips Business Plan: No Longer a Mystery In that situation, you can dispense with details about the management group, funding requirements, and traction, and instead deal with the executive summary as a summary of the strategic direction of the business, to make sure that all team members are on the exact same page. If you conduct a suitable market survey half the job is finished. You need to have a plan as a way to get yourself organized, to make sure you have some sort of viable business potential, you've got focus and hopefully aren't likely to run out of money or starve before you get going. If things are going well, your plan can help you consider how you're able to re-invest in your company. You are going to need a business plan if you wish to secure investment or a loan from a financial institution. Your business plan should incorporate a summary of the sorts of advertising you want to shell out money on. A well written business program will vastly enhance the odds of your venture since they carefully look at all the facets of your business like start up costs, equipment required to provide a variety of varieties of services like exterior car washing, interior cleaning and car detailing and staffing requirements. Leading business plan writing companies will have accessibility to numerous databases to deliver the most updated research that can be found on the topic of car wash enterprise. Business Plan Ideas In truth, it might bethe most important partof your small business plan. Now you know the way to use a sample business plan to assist you compose a plan for your organization, it's time to get the most suitable one. Your company program will become your roadmap to chart the course of your company. A comprehensive small business program must also incorporate a set of financial projections for the business enterprise. Gossip, Deception and Business Plan Your solution is the item or service which you anticipat e offering to your customers. You not just want to start a web-based business wherever your presence is going to be seen by multi-millions of consumers, but you also wish to be that business which makes money! The Basics of Business Plan As part of your advertising program, you may rely on working closely with a different company in a sort of partnership. Project plans, sometimes called project frameworks, describe the goals of a specific project. In case the purpose of your company plan is to become funding, it's prudent to make sure your management plan involves an advisory board for a management resource. While the milestones and metrics chapter of your organization program might not be long, it's important that you take some time to appear forward and schedule the upcoming critical steps for your company. The Benefits of Business Plan Meeting all the requirements calls for a specific degree of qualified expertise and thus, it is better to employ expert small business pla n services for the exact same. The main value of your organization program is going to be to create a written outline that evaluates all elements of the financial viability of your business venture including a description and analysis of your company prospects. During the time you are driving your company, certain parameters might change. Business Plan Secrets That No One Else Knows About To acquire a tier 1 entrepreneur visa, it's required to submit a well-researched business program that's unique and adds value to the neighborhood economy. On the opposite end of the spectrum, a plan that's destined for the desk of a top venture capitalist is going to have high level of polish and will concentrate on the high-growth elements of the company and the experienced team that's going to deliver stunning outcomes. There are a number of reasons why your company may be uniquely qualified to be successful. Regardless of what kind of business you're starting, our step-by-step small busin ess planning software will supply you with the very best business plan template to acquire your new venture off the ground. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Business Plan Every startup and little company is unique, so you are going to want to prevent copying a sample plan word for word. At the peak of the webpage, right under your organization name, include a one-sentence summary of your business that sums up the essence of what you're doing. Contemplating that business plans serve many diverse purposes, it's not surprising that they are available in many diverse forms. Every business plan involves these components that are key aspects in earning your organization plan fuller and more effective.

Significance of Cultural Intelligence

Question: Discuss about the Significance of Cultural Intelligence. Answer: Overview Intelligence is defined to be that construct of which researchers use to explore misunderstandings between individuals because of cultural differences. Over the years tried socio-scientists as John Berry and Robert Sternberg amongst others have tried to properly elaborate the school of thought behind Intelligence. However, they have been able to point out the main approaches through which the idea can be studied. The approaches include social or cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence, artistic intelligence amongst other approaches have been very vital in understanding the whole idea of interactions between people from different cultural backgrounds. In our case, cultural intelligence can be used to show the ability of an individual to adapt into a new cultural environment where the behaviors and interpretations are so much different from what the individual knows. A person with such an attribute is said to be culturally intelligent. On the other hand, emotional intelligence is the ability to assess behaviors of other people and one self so as to distinguish between different emotions and either deem them worthy or not. The idea behind emotional Intelligence incorporates the whole idea of personality of an individual as the main reference point. It isolates the society from a person in question to understand his or her way of interacting with other people. However, we should note that it is the influence of the general society that will influence the behavior of an individual. Therefore, the school of thought behind emotional intelligence is very important for an individual developing cultural intelligence. Simply because the person studying can understand as to why an individual will have particular reactions when a certain aspect is done. Hence making him or her have, an upper hand in knowing why some certain aspects are done within his own are not accepted within the new environment. Therefore, for the said re ason, making the process of his or her acquisition of cultural intelligence easier. Introduction It is with such idea in mind that the paper tries to shade more light on the idea and adequately compare it to other approaches of emotional intelligence. In particularly, the paper will discuss the in-depth analysis of how the cultural can be improved within a working place and how it is important to our day to day interactions within the hallways and offices of our working spaces. Moreover, the paper is also showing how the aspect of emotional intelligence has an impact to a person studying the concept of cultural intelligence and the instances that the two approaches can work hand in hand with one another. Cultural Intelligence and How it is Applied In environments such as school or the office, there are often people who come from different cultural backgrounds. This means that they may speak a totally different language from what the majority population speaks. Cultural intelligence induces the ability to work effectively in areas with people from different cultures (Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L. 2015). However, cultural intelligence is not a skill that one is born with it is a mental construct that an individual can acquire by simply learning about the different cultures of people they are likely to interact with (Charmey, L. and Martin, J. 2013). How Individuals can Improve on their Cultural Intelligence Individuals can improve their cultural intelligence by simply learning about the different ethnicities that exist, through personal interactions with the communities practicing the cultures or by reading documented facts about the same. Such interactions with the communities can be enhanced better when you actually learn it in its original place of origin, since; an individual might not give you the exact picture about the practices that happen. An important aspect of culture that the approach looks at is language other than the social restrictions acquired in a peoples beliefs. The most important aspect of learning the cultural intelligence is that one has to appreciate the culture at hand to understand it better. Other aspects as ethnocentrism that can be developed by an individual are as a result of lack of appreciation of cultures that are not your own hence the feeling that your culture is more superior while others are backward in nature. Emotional intelligence involves recognizing that each has emotions that should be respected and considered. It involves being aware of self and others (Crowne, K. 2013). Therefore, emotional intelligence enables a person to manage himself and his relationship with others properly. When interacting with people, emotions will be involved at one point or another. The reactions in individuals can be either positive or negative simply depending on a persons socialization. Some individuals are naturally warm people and interacting with them gives one a sense of comfort. Moreover, people would love to be in their company. Other people have nothing positive to say and staying around them will belittle the person and largely create a bad mood. Understanding the emotions of others is important for there to be successful interaction. Again, Erez, M. et al are of the opinion that an individual who consider other peoples feelings is a good listener. S/he can listen to the needs of others and not only focus on himself. As such, a leader who can relate to people in this manner is likely to be respected, (Keung, E. and Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. 2013, 836-854). Significance of Cultural Intelligence The cultural intelligence idea helps promote proper communication between individuals in a workplace. While communicating, it is possible to say one thing and appear to be saying something different because of body language. Each needs to be aware of the posture and facial expressions and how they can be interpreted by others. Humans often communicate subconsciously or consciously. For this reason, it is important for one to send the exact intended message. Once one is aware of his emotions, the person can focus on positively directing his behavior (Li, M. er al., 2014, 32-50). One way of doing this is ensuring that what is communicated verbally is in sync with the body language. Subsequently, emotional intelligence is helpful in the workplace where there are numerous employees from different places: as it serves as a tool for self-evaluation regarding social interaction (Erez, M. et al., 2013). Notably, through the skill, people can develop other skills such as teamwork and communic ation; where working with different personalities is difficult but tolerance is easily developed in such situations. Additionally, social skills necessary for proper customer service can also be gained. Further, all these skills will enable employees to work effectively and within a good timeframe to realize an institution's set goals. The benefits of cultural intelligence in a business environment cannot go unnoticed since an individual with the knowledge can pass it on to others to bridge the knowledge gap that was in the organization. Through the socialization process, interpersonal relationships can be developed between multicultural groups. Having cultural intelligence helps get rid of the bias one may have towards a certain community hence reducing cases of ethnocentrism (Lucke, G. et al., 2014, 169-190). For instance, it may be assumed that certain individuals have a hot temper and working with them is considered tricky. Such an ideology should not be held against anyone especially if one person is to be blamed for that. Developing a level of cultural intelligence will need some bit of training. In other cases, the experience will serve as the best teacher. An individual who takes an interest in the cultures of others is more likely to learn about them. In addition, an employee can choose to observe them and ask questions where necessary. Some individuals are known to have traveled to different countries either for holiday or business reasons. If such people only keep to themselves and do not bother interacting with others, the trip will not be worthwhile. In most cases, one has to get out of his comfort zone to relat e with others. For instance, a less talkative person will be required to start a conversation with a stranger and keeps it going to get relevant information. An individual who only sticks to a particular group of friends may have to leave them for some time and interact with different people. Most of the time, the way people react is according to how they were brought up. Certain ideologies were taught from a young age, and for that reason, they are engraved in mind. It is necessary to look into how culture and background affect relationships with those from multicultural backgrounds. While learning about other cultures, one should keep an open mind. Failure to this one will not learn much as the interested party may develop biases towards certain people hence being ethnocentric. The fact that people do things differently does not mean that they are wrong. Each person should make an effort to find out why a community does things in a particular way and not in the common way, everyone is used to seeing. Those who want to develop cultural intelligence must first be motivated. As such, they need to be curious about what is going on in the ot her team and integrate it into their current system. Having an understanding of different cultures bears its advantages. These advantages should be enough to drive one team to learn about another with different cultures. Later on, a strategy to understand this different information should be developed. After learning this new information, learning to adapt is another skill that will need to be mastered (Matsumoto, D. and Juang, L. 2016). Training can be held in offices by employees who want their staff to do better. For this to happen a certain time in the day needs to be set aside for workers to learn. During this time, they will be relieved of their duties and engage in an interactive session geared towards boosting their interpersonal skills. Workshops can also be organized by professionals who can handle the topic. During the seminars, individuals can receive tips on how to develop cultural intelligence. Moreover, employees learn the different ways in which it is related to emotional intelligence. In such workshops, there is often a time for question sessions where attendees can have their queries aired and addressed (Siegling, A. et al., 2014, 65-68). Holding dialogs or conversations with a diverse group of people is rendered beneficial as it serves as a tool for socialization and enculturation. Nonetheless, the topic of discussion can be the different ways individuals can grasp these skills. Cultural intelligence promotes innovation or creativity within a work place. Cultural intelligence can be applied in schools, offices and any place where there is human interaction. In an office set up, a multicultural group is more advantageous than a homogenous group when it comes to performance. The ideas of the latter group cannot match those of people from different regions of the world. In situations that require creativity and innovation, the group with diverse members will do well. The same conclusion can also be derived when studying students in a certain school. Individuals from the same area are likely to come up with common ideas during group assignments that are familiar to them. Those from different regions may have surprises up their sleeves and obviously do better than the earlier team. Having conflicts between people is normal. Solving them becomes tricky when the people in conflict do not know how to relate to each other due to differences in culture. Cultural intelligence reduces misunderstanding within a work place. In case there was a language barrier, and a misunderstanding was developed, a person who properly understands the language can come in and explain what each team meant by what they said. At the end of it all, learning the foreign language may be a necessity to prevent such disagreements from happening again. When an attempt is made to understand a different culture, cohesiveness will develop among people. Each person will strive to do their best knowing that every other person wants the best for them. In times of conflict, there should be no bias against any team. In the long run, individuals develop respect towards each other. This is helpful in stressful situations whereby finding a solution is not easy. In areas where cultural intelligence is developed, there will be an increase in productive relationships. This is because people understand the needs of others. Therefore, it is important to develop cultural intelligence within a workplace since it has more of benefits into the company. It will not be a waste of a companys resources in terms of time and expenses but will add more gains into the outcome. Since it motivates unity in workplace other than other aspects of innovativeness and proper communication that makes the business have a very motivating environment to work. Bibliography Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L., 2015. Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Cabeza de Baca, T. and Figueredo, A.J., 2014. The cognitive ecology of Mexico: climatic and socio-cultural effects on life history strategies and cognitive abilities. Intelligence-Norwood-Mutidisciplinary Journal, 47(1), pp.63-71. Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013. Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Crowne, K.A., 2013. Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An exploratory study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.5-22. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R. and Shokef, E., 2013. Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(3), pp.330-355. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Keung, E. and J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, A., 2013. The relationship between transformational leadership and cultural intelligence: A study of international school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(6), pp.836-854. Li, M., Mobley, W.H. and Kelly, A., 2013. When do global leaders learn best to develop cultural intelligence? An investigation of the moderating role of experiential learning style. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(1), pp.32-50. Lcke, G., Kostova, T. and Roth, K., 2014. Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective: Patterns and implications. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(2), pp.169-190. Matsumoto, D. and Juang, L., 2016. Culture and psychology. Nelson Education. McKay, I., 2014. Quest of the Folk: Antimodernism and Cultural Selection in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia (No. 212). McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP. Siegling, A.B., Nielsen, C. and Petrides, K.V., 2014. Trait emotional intelligence and leadership in a European multinational company. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, pp.65-68. Ting?Toomey, S., 2015. Identity negotiation theory. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Van Dyne, L. and Ang, S., 2016. Cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31, pp.20-26.

Slavery in America

By 1750, most slaves in America were not African born but America born. Several slaves worked in sugar, cotton and tobacco plantation. Very few of these slaves were African born, because the reduction in the importation of slaves from Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Majority of these slaves were born in America, but they were descendants of Africans who were imported in America (Ira 112-115). During this time, there were three slavery systems. Slavery in South Carolina and Georgia low country was very harsh than the one in the Northern colonies. Most Slaves were imported from Africa to work on sugar, cotton and rice plantations. The slaves were forced to work in very harsh conditions including working in very hot marshy areas. they were affected by tropical diseases such as malaria which led to the death of several slaves. The number of enslaved populati on imported from Africa reduced in Chesapeake area, and in the Carolina Georgia low country. By 1750, the Chesapeake had the largest number of slaves in the mainland British America, but the majority of these slaves were American born or the Creoles. Slaves in Chesapeake enjoyed good working conditions with less exposure to subtropical diseases such as malaria and yellow fever (Edmund 111-112). Most of these Slaves were given permission by their slaveholders to have to choose their sex partners and subsequently give birth to children. Consequently the bearing of children naturally increased the number of slaves in this region leading to a reduction in number of slaves imported from Africa. Children worked with their parents in large plantations and lived with them in the slave cabins. This led to Creole slaves dominating this area (Allan 145-148). As the number of slaves imported from Africa reduced, the slave culture became more American. This led to the formation of African-Americ an communities in America. The whites less controlled these slaves. They were more exposed to the culture of the whites than those slaves from other regions. The American born slaves introduced Christianity on their traditional ceremonies such as emotional singing, and on death rituals (Edmund 111-112).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The slaves combined their musical instruments with American musical instruments to develop songs that expressed had African rhythm All these led to the development of Africa-American communities in America. The slaves who were born in America developed African American culture out of slavery. The development of afro-American culture had a significant effect on the establishment of African American communities (Ira 112-115). The new African-American culture influenced children of the white who were put under the care of black servants on the plantations. Ma ny of the African practices, values, and beliefs were blended with white culture. African American traditions were evident in American literature and religion and in other fields. The African American culture developed to become a significant part of American culture. African American culture led to a transformative impact on the American culture, which developed, into African-American communities (Allan 145-148). The culture of African slaves who were born in America has greatly influenced the American culture. The African-American communities were developed out of the American born slaves in America. Works Cited Edmund, Morgan. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial  Virginia. New York: Wiley, 1975. Print. Ira, Berlin. The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998. Print. This essay on Slavery in America was written and submitted by user Emerald WildBoar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.