Bletchley Park Coursework Essay

1.) What can you learn from Source A about the work of Bletchley Park? From reading through source A, the reader can analyse that the work done in Bletchley Park was kept extremely confidential, due to the fact that when it came to infiltrating enemy intelligence, organisations had a tendency to keep the knowledge within the vicinity. In addition, the cryptologists and mathematicians that worked there had no idea as to what was happening in the consecutive huts because it was so departmentalized. In times when countries were at war, there was an almost obligatory need for secrecy, because one wrong move could determine the fate of either side. Any decoded messages were passed onto the other huts through narrow wooden tunnels that connected them. However, we only have the opinion of one worker within one hut, making it hard to decide whether or not this evidence is unsubstantiated. We do not know whether the government became lenient with the strict rules they implemented, whether it was towards the end of the war or at the middle. 2.) Does the evidence of Source C support the evidence of Sources A and B about the work of Bletchley Park? Explain your answer. In comparison with source C, A and B often convey a sense of perplexion, due to the fact that a significant amount of people weren’t aware of whether war was declared or not. Moreover, you have the continuous notion that people did not know the outcome of their work, or the purpose of the work done within the other huts. In some aspects, what the code breaker in source C has wrote is often similar to what the previous workers also wrote. For example, the source continues to mention the secrecy kept within the huts. Because there was such a crucial need for it, the workers did not know whether their breakthroughs were futile or not, for if the code they cracked had no significant meaning, then it would clearly be a waste of time if they received simultaneous discoveries which were of no value. If they did come across something of importance, it would be for the benefit of the war that they would not be informed, due to the fact that a minority of people would carry out certain acts of espionage. Since they were all written by workers that worked closely within Bletchley Park, I can only say that the sources inevitably have certain similarities, regarding the fact that their work was very covert, and that the groups were all departmentalised. However, the origin of the sources can cause differences between them. Source A was written in Hut 3, where as Source C was written in Hut 6, meaning that Source C may not support Source A after all because of the different locations that they were written in. This evidently causes problems, as the sources are of different origins. Again it is slightly biased, as they may have been recorded at different dates. Who knows whether they implemented a certain level of secrecy within each of the huts, depending on the necessity of the work they would have done. 3.) How useful are Sources D and E in helping you to understand how Bletchley Park was able to crack the Enigma codes? Source E is not exceptionally useful in helping you to understand how the British cracked the enigma code, as it is just a visual source. Nevertheless, you can see that this Machine helped them to interpret the incessant gibberish that they received from the Germans, via wireless stations that they had situated all across Britain. This machine or the â€Å"Enigma Machine† as it became known was where their mainstream of information was translated from the German ciphers into our dialect. It was a military cipher device, which helped the British purge the seas of enemies that lurked beneath the waters. All it consisted of were 3 reels which had the whole alphabet imprinted on them, and the whole of the alphabet on buttons that you pressed. Yet the German’s soon found out that their machine wasn’t as secure as they would have hoped, so they added another reel into it. In order for the cryptologists to translate the German codes, the Enigma machine had to be calibrated with exactly the same settings as the Enigma Machine that had sent the message. Source D simply sheds a negative light on the outcome of their work. Although logically categorising information seems to condense the ciphers that they received, it only made things more laborious as thousands of messages had to be decoded everyday. Pressure would mount as the codes to be cracked accumulated, making the cryptologists and other workers very anxious indeed. As always, there is always a â€Å"but†. Source D does not give any relevant information in some sense, because that is not where the main work took place. The codes were translated in Hut 3. On translating the ciphers, they would then be sent to Hut 6 to be deciphered. What’s more, is that being a visual source, source C does not offer any other information, other than the fact that they used this machine to decipher codes. This was not the only military machine that was used, as a newer version â€Å"Ultra† succeeded the Enigma Machine. 4.) Use Sources F and G and your own knowledge, to explain the importance of Bletchley Park to the war effort. During World War 2, many people weren’t aware of the audacity of Bletchley Park’s work towards the war effort, although vague details were described to them which weren’t enough to convince them of the magnitude of their work. However, the Prime Minister of Britain considered it as a great asset to the war. Winston Churchill was unlike his predecessor Neville Chamberlain, for he took a keen interest of the activities and the purpose of Bletchley Park. He considered it as an extremely significant help to the World War 2 effort, as can be seen from Source F, â€Å"Make sure that they have all that they want extreme priority.† He then follows on to say that they must take action this day, which signifies how much he admired their efforts to help facilitate with the English army. One of the beneficial uses of Bletchley Park was that they were able to get direct information of the German’s intentions. For example, whether they were planning pre-emptive strikes, or whether they were planning to ambush the British in areas known to them. Because the German’s assumed that the Enigma was safe to use, they passed noteworthy information on to people with high rank, even Hitler himself. They were also able to determine whether tips that they had received were bogus or not. Nonetheless, although they were able to get hold of information of some sort, it was sometimes ignored. The reader needs to keep in mind that it was not Bletchley Park that dealt with the physicality’s of war. In addition to what they knew, they could also form battle plans, and obtain information about reserves, which evidently put the British at some sort of an advantage, because they knew of their enemies attributes. One of the many successes of Bletchley Park was â€Å"Ultra†, for it provided an immense amount of information for the naval intelligence. It allowed the British to prevent German U-Boat’s from attacking their convoys. This was an extremely major triumph because: Britain was dependant on the convoys from America and Canada; they would often supply raw materials and food and send them through convoys. But with so many German U-Boats hidden within the endless depths of the Atlantic, the possibility of a convoy being sunk was almost inevitable. When the German’s introduced the four wheeled enigma â€Å"Shark†, the British intelligence lost almost all contact with their enemies U-Boats. The number of convoys sunk in the Atlantic rose rapidly, only until they were able to crack Shark in December 1942. The Germans once again had the advantage in the treacherous Atlantic. With the unravelling of Shark, the British were once again able to locate the positions of German U-Boats, which then led onto the success of the Battle of the Atlantic. 5.) Study all the Sources. The writer of Source I believed that Bletchley Park had a very great impact on the outcome of the Second World War. Use the sources and your own knowledge to explain whether you agree with this view. Bletchley Park, which was otherwise known as Station X had indeed a great impact perhaps not on the outcome of the war, but certainly on the progress of World War II itself. Although some historians would argue that Bletchley Park did not help Britain emerge victorious at the end of the war, they cannot deny that it was beneficial to the progress of the war, other than the outcome. From looking at Sources A to D, one can analyse that the work the cryptologists did wasn’t just a mere triviality of every day life. Its significance is perhaps not expressed as it should have been in the sources, but the workers obligation to maintain secrecy within their huts says enough. If their superiors did not uphold the need for secrecy, then perhaps the war would not have turned out as it has today, for espionage in such a reckless place would certainly be expected. In addition, the Prime Minister Winston Churchill took such a keen interest in Bletchley Park, that it was hard for individuals not to consider its work extremely valuable towards the war effort. The role of Prime Minister is considered very influential in Britain, and a position which grants its occupant a great deal of power. Hence this shows that because Churchill was importuned with such a grievous burden (leading Britain through World War II), the thing that he perceived to be a solution for the ominous U-Boats was Bletchley Park. In fact, it was partly because of them, that the number of German U-Boats diminished, during the battles fought at sea. The writer of Source I believed that Bletchley Park had a huge impact on the outcome of World War II, but to what extent? The many codes that Bletchley Park used to crack German codes, is supposedly the very reason why they were renowned for shortening the war. Due to the fact that they were able to crack German codes that they had intercepted by using codes such as â€Å"Ultra† or â€Å"Shark†, it allowed them to pin-point the location of German U-Boats, which were dealing severe blows to the convoys that were to export goods to Britain. Once they were able to translate German naval codes with â€Å"Dolphin†, destroying U-Boats during the Battle of the Atlantic became uncomplicated. And tonnes of shipping were saved from being sunk. However, once the U-Boats were withdrawn from the Atlantic, they began to pose a new threat in the Mediterranean. The British enjoyed a considerable amount of ease during the battles that they fought in North Africa, until the German U-Boats arrived. But once again, the British intelligence was able to crack the code permanently, which enabled them to fight back the German and Italian forces. Yet it was not always to their advantage for at times, they weren’t able to crack the codes fast enough. Perchance when they did, the translation would have no significance because of efforts made to crack it. By the time machines such as Bombe or Colossus were made, they would already have suffered from needless losses, which would have been prevented, if time were in their favour. This is indeed what happened in North Africa, for the messages that the Americans sent to the British were intercepted, and those that the Y Service received would be cracked a week after the Germans had transmitted them. Of course, the British obviously had other advantages over the German other than destroying their U-Boats. Because the Y Service was able to intercept messages of many origins, they were able to acquire information which they could then relate to their army. For instance, they could set up battle plans and formation tactics for the army, consequently helping them to succeed in battle. The messages that they intercepted would often lead into the army being aware of the Germans moves, for the reason that some messages were sent to the German general, or someone with a similar position. Information about their reserves was acquired, which meant that the English army new what they were up against, and therefore they would know when to take coercive actions or not. Nevertheless, no matter how much information Bletchley Park could intercept, it wasn’t them that would have to deal with the battles themselves. It was the soldiers and sailors that were to enforce these plans into actions, and it was them that had to fight the physical battle, the most imperative part of War. There was always a possibility that the British would suffer heavy casualties at the hands of the Germans, despite the fact that they knew of their intended actions. Other than that sometimes the information was ignored, since it wasn’t considered as something worth taking note of. Bletchley Park helped organise D-Day, on the 6th of June 1944. They helped to provide the Germans with bogus information, making them think that the allied army had camped in an area known to them. In reality, they merely used cloth and wood to reconstruct a camp which seemed real from a distance. So while the Germans were planning to ambush a camp that was non-existent, the Allied forces began the liberation of Europe. But again, it wasn’t Bletchley Park that brought final victory, for it was the army that enforced the information in a beneficial way. It was their actions and organisation offence wise, which made everything successful. After D-Day, Bletchley Park lost its influence. They were ignored when they passed on additional information, because the end of the war truly in sight. In conclusion, Bletchley Park was nothing more than a great help towards the War effort. Their labours was not what finalised the fact that the British would emerge victorious from the War, for it was not they that had to enforce plans and actions amongst men, who have different minds to that of computers. When victory was in their grasp, the Army neglected the information sent to them by Bletchley Park, to no consequence. The end of the war was in sight, as was Bletchley Park.

Kimi Dora

Blog Number One â€Å"Oh, You are so Funny and I’m Love it† By: Kenneth Esteleydiz de Guzman (Submitted for an Essay Class in DLSUD) I know that you have already watched a lot of funny films around. But one thing you shouldn’t miss is the movie directed by Ms. Joyce Bernal, and was produced by Spring Films. This movie will surely make you giggle and laugh so hard! I swear to you that every minute that you will spend in this film will never make you feel doubtful and regretful for the fact that this is really worth watching. I’ll tell you now the title of this movie.My much loved movie ever for this year is â€Å"Kimy Dora†, starring Eugene Domingo. Kimy Dora is a film that is about twins who are identical. Kimy Go Dong Hae is the older of the two, she was not that smart when she was young but suddenly after she got a typhoid fever (a very high and severe fever), and she became really smart! It was like she ate a dictionary! Doctors said that her bra in could have been affected by the severe illness she had. She became a war freak as well. She is also insecure for having less attention from her dad and from her very much loved man, Johnson (played by Dingdong Dantes) who admires Dora a lot.Dora (Kimmy’s twin sister) on the other side isn’t so smart but not so dumb as well. Dora may be compared to those who are mentally challenged because of the way she acts; this happened because she was born inside a toilet bowl and got her head bumped inside it when she came out from her mother’s womb. Her parents thought that they would only have one daughter who was Kimy but what happened was that when their mom was a I know that you have already watched a lot of funny films around. But one thing you shouldn’t miss is the movie directed by Ms. Joyce Bernal, and was produced by Spring Films.This movie will surely make you giggle and laugh so hard! I swear to you that every minute that you will spend in this film wi ll never make you feel doubtful and regretful for the fact that this is really worth watching. I’ll tell you now the title of this movie. My much loved movie ever for this year is â€Å"Kimy Dora†, starring Eugene Domingo. Kimy Dora is a film that is about twins who are identical. Kimy Go Dong Hae is the older of the two, she was not that smart when she was young but suddenly after she got a typhoid fever (a very high and severe fever), and she became really smart!It was like she ate a dictionary! Doctors said that her brain could have been affected by the severe illness she had. She became a war freak as well. She is also insecure for having less attention from her dad and from her very much loved man, Johnson (played by Dingdong Dantes) who admires Dora a lot. Dora (Kimmy’s twin sister) on the other side isn’t so smart but not so dumb as well. Dora may be compared to those who are mentally challenged because of the way she acts; this happened because sh e was born inside a toilet bowl and got her hea bout to poop in a toilet bowl, and it was Dora who came out!Their mom died due to severe bleeding and shame due to what happened. Knowing the fact that Dora is a bit mentally challenged, Kimy hated her so much. But one thing that proved that Dora was not retarded was when Kimy was kidnapped; she was able to take over of their company even though Dora only pretended as Kimy to make sure that people won’t panic for the lost of Kimy. At the end of the film, Dora and Kimy were able to be good sisters again and Kimy realized that she shouldn’t mistreat her sister as to what she usually did before.The reason why I really love this film is that Eugene Domingo is also one of my favorite comedians. She has that kind that of humor that would make me burst out. This was the first movie wherein she got the major role and the great thing is that she got the best actress award for this movie. Another reason is that the movie also has m oral lessons, lessons that would surely make your heart cry. I bet you should really watch this movie not just for fun but for simple lessons as well. Just go and grab a copy of this now and be astonished of the laughter that this movie might bring to you.

Oroonko or the Royal Slave Essay

Oroonko or the Royal Slave tells a story about the life of a man captured and sold into slavery and some of the adventures his life encompassed. Oroonko was the grandson to the King of Coramantien. He possessed a very rare and unique magnificence that all admired. Oroonko was brought up learning and living the life of an honorable soldier and prince. He was well educated and well-liked far and wide by all who knew him. Oroonko became acquainted and quickly fell in love with his mentor’s daughter, Imoinda. They soon decided to be joined as husband and wife. According to the customs of their time, Oroonko’s grandfather, the King of Coramantien, was to be allowed the opportunity to bless the union before anything became official. The king had heard of Imoinda’s beauty and instead of blessing their union, the king took Imoinda for himself. This very greatly disgraced Oroonko. With the passing of time, the love Oroonko held in his heart for Imoinda did not fade. He desperately wanted to be with Imoinda and was eventually afforded the chance. The jealous and ever-suspicious king discovered Imoinda and Oroonko together and became very angry. The penalty for treasonous acts, as this was most certainly considered, was death. Oroonko was able to escape, but Imoinda was not. The king, unable to put such a beauty as Imoinda to death, instead sold her to a slave trader to be shipped off to America to become a slave. Death would have been preferable to Imoinda and she begged for it, but the king wanted nothing to do with her any longer. Selling Imoinda into slavery was kept an absolute secret from Oroonko. The king knew if Oroonko ever learned what had really happened to Imoinda, his rage would be unequaled. And so it was assumed by all that Imoinda was, in fact, put to death for her treachery. At this point, the king felt it necessary to make his peace with Oroonko. He realized and wanted to repent of the disgrace he brought upon his grandson. He also felt extremely guilty about his decision to sell Imoinda into slavery, but again, that was not widely known. Oroonko conceded no revenge would be taken on his part against the king. Time passed and in the course of this time Oroonko became a highly decorated and popular war general and hero. Forever longing in his heart for Imoinda, Oroonko resigned to live the life he was born to live – the life of a nobleman. It was to happen after a particularly successful battle, Oroonko came home to a celebration. At this celebration, there was a ship’s captain who was familiar to Oroonko and they spent some time together. Oroonko was aware that this particular captain was a slave trader, but had no reason to distrust him or hold animosity against him. Unjustly so, as it would turn out, since this captain deceived Oroonko into a tour of his ship and then shackled him to the ship and set sail for America to be sold into slavery. The captain continued in his deception while on the voyage and convinced Oroonko that he and his men would be let go at the next port. Oroonko had not encountered dishonesty as was present in the heart of the captain before, so he suspected nothing and trusted the captain to keep his word. When they arrived on land, Oroonko and his men were at once sold to the highest bidder and sent off to be slaves. Oroonko worked for a short while and then heard of a woman of great beauty who was also a slave. He soon found Imoinda and they were married. Oroonko lived as a slave, but was restless to regain his freedom. He frequently spoke to his owner and pleaded for this and was put off time and again for one reason or another. He was given promise after promise or release to no avail. Oroonko soon realized exactly how dishonorable the slave owners were. With only a little effort, Oroonko called together the slaves from all around and when they had gathered, he convinced them they were being treated unfairly and should leave their cruel and uncaring owners to find a better life somewhere else. With his eloquence and affirming manner, Oroonko was able to sway them that even the evils of the wilderness could be overcome with enough conviction and team work. Regardless of the hardships facing a journey of such proportion, losing your life fighting was more honorable than being treated like animals. Unfortunately, the revolt did not take the slaves far. Their trail was easily discovered and it was not long before they were caught and surrendered. The terms of the surrender Oroonko struck with the slave owners who had caught them included fairness and avoidance of retribution or retaliation against the group who had attempted escape. However, disregarding the word given at the surrender, the slave owners marched their slaves back to their respective plantations and they were all punished. Oroonko, however, was taken to a post, tied securely, and severely lashed. There was barely any life left in him when the evil slave owners were finished. Oroonko made up his mind that he would one day seek revenge against such untrustworthy, wicked, and dishonorable men. While the end of the story tells that this plan was not brought to fruition, Oroonko left this world a legend. He held his honor to his dying breath. The story of Oroonko is an excellent anti-slavery argument. Through the story, the reader is allowed a glimpse of a man who could have very easily been from any race or station in life. Oroonko was well educated. He was taken in and taught by the best of the best. Many slave owners, in those days, believed slaves were nothing but unintelligent, low-life heathens, but Oroonko was none of these. Oroonko may not have believed in the same religion or faith as the slave owners, but his beliefs were just as important and essential as theirs. The slave owners judged without considering the differences that existed between their very unique cultures. For example, Oroonko and Imoinda came from a country where wives were expected to give honor to their husbands. Imoinda pleaded with Oroonko to take her life as an alternative to living without him by her side. She considered being killed by someone so noble as Oroonko was far superior than living as a slave. The slave owners and white men would not and did not understand this logic. By their standards, Oroonko was a vile and murderous heathen. Slavery abruptly stole men, women, and children from their place of origin and flung them into a life of degradation and submission. They were required to work for little to nothing by way of payment and treated as no better than dogs. Oroonko spoke of them being whipped at the end of the day. It made no difference if you had done well or poorly, all slaves were whipped. The â€Å"gods† these slave owners prayed to and had faith in was a puzzling deity to Oroonko. His faith in his gods was built on very different standards, and Oroonko believed so strongly in these gods, there was no questioning how others should be treated and how one should conduct themselves in all situations. Everyone deserved to be treated with honor and respect. The faith of the slave owners came into question several times. Oroonko was unable to understand how these people could on any level of decency treat anyone the way the slaves were treated. While it remained unsaid, Oroonko must have certainly felt as though all were created different, but equal. Not all slave owners were cruel in their treatment of slaves. Oroonko befriended several compassionate men along the way. The narrator of the novel happened to be one of these men. While remaining benevolent in spirit, these men did own slaves and were hesitant, if not downright unwilling, to grant them their freedom. None of the men and women sold into slavery deserved the life they were forced to lead. The white men who bought them did not consider the lives they left behind. These were real people with real lives and real customs and real traditions. The religion practiced – on whatever level – by the white slave owners was not the only way to believe. The simple belief they held that they were right did not by any means make that a truth. The Negroes held their own beliefs, and right or wrong according to someone else’s standards, they had every right to believe however they chose. Oroonko was a prince and more than likely more educated than many of the slave owner’s themselves, and yet was treated with contempt and disrespect. With his breeding and the instruction he had received, Oroonko knew in his head and in his heart that treating anyone in such a manner was unreasonable and outrageous. In the end, despite the best efforts of the slave owners, Oroonko died as he had lived with his honor and dignity.

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Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector Essay

Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector matrix gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts of product or commodity chains - Essay Example e essay analyses other tools including value chains and commodity chains in a bid to prove the effectiveness of the sector matrix that provides an in-depth understanding of the patterns of both demand and supply which are the key market features that influences the profitability of an organization (Lane, 2005). The essay will provide a systematic approach to the analysis of the above tools including their strengths, weaknesses and the comparison of their performance against the sector matrix which the paper hypotheses is the most effective marketing tool. Marketing refers to the management function mandated with the determination, anticipation and satisfaction of the customer demand. Every business organization has a primary objective of sustained profitability in order to increase its market share. The need for growth as Froud, Haslam, Johal & Williams (1998) explain in their sector matrix relies on the determination of the market. Business organizations must have a substantial market shares and possibly increase their shares a feature that will portray growth and sustained profitability. In order to achieve such growth patterns, the organizations must have effective understanding of the factors that influence the demand from the market. By understanding the factors affecting demand, the organization readily manipulates its supply of products thereby cushioning the organization from incurring loses. Additionally, understanding the relationship between demand and supply makes it possible for organizations to plan their productions th ereby sustaining their profitability as the below analysis of the sector matrix portrays (Alexander, 2010). Just as the name suggests, the sector matrix breaks down an industry into various factors that influence the production and sale of products. Understanding the industry is fundamental for every organization since it helps the organization appreciate the nature of supply and demand. This way, the sector matric overcomes some of

Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Budget - Essay Example A soft earmark denotes a courteous request, which does not specify the amount of money, but steers funds to identified organizations. Lawmakers are in a capacity to request for funds to be allocated to a certain organization or project without the legal binding presented by hard earmarks (Mikesell, 2014). In my opinion, soft earmarks are more effective for lawmakers. Notably, with soft earmarks, lawmakers do not need to specify the amount of money and do not need to identify the sponsor. Therefore, through the use of respectful suggestion, a lawmaker can transfer funds to a favored organization without having to be accountable for the spending. Hard earmarks are highly criticized and compel lawmakers to account for the spending (p. 145). Soft earmarks do not add to the total spending because they do not involve the allocation of additional funds to any department. On the contrary, soft earmarks make requests of how a specific portion of the existing budget can be spent. The fact that they only represent a small percentage of the government’s outlets on an annual basis serves to emphasize that they do not count in the total spending (p. 146). In my opinion, the control of earmarks is an important public issue because it concerns federal funds. Notably, earmarked funds determine projects in a state that will receive funding. Since lawmakers have only been earmarking funds for their preferred organizations, some deserving projects have been left out. Therefore, it is of critical importance for earmarks to be placed under the control before lawmakers use them to promote personal interests. Earmarks have been used by lawmakers in an effort to deliver â€Å"goodies† to districts or states. Usually, a district deserves pork if it offered support to a lawmaker. Therefore, lawmakers rely on soft earmarks in delivering pork to their states. The fact that they do not need to disclose the purpose of spending in soft

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Description of My Room - Essay Example One opening is the door which provides passage for entering the room from the TV lounge. Moving clockwise, next comes the wall in which there is no opening. Next to that is the wall with a large window located in the center. Next to that is the wall with another door that joins my room to the bathroom. Both doors are of the same size. Their size is 4 feet by 8 feet each, in which 4 feet is the width of the door and 8 feet is the height of the door. The size of the window is 6 feet by 5 feet, 6 feet being the width of the window and 5 feet is the height of the window. The floor of my room is all covered with ceramic tiles. There is marble skirting on every wall 5 inches in height starting from the finished floor level. The purpose of this skirting is to keep the walls protected against stains and marks that might possibly be left by shoes. The skirting also protects the walls from the watermarks that might be left while cleaning the room if the skirting is not applied. A prominent fea ture of the wall that has no opening in it is the fireplace. A heater is placed in the fireplace. The heater is connected with a gas pipe engraved in the wall. A chandelier hangs from the middle of the ceiling till 2 feet in the air. One tube light is located at a vertical distance of 6 feet from the floor on the wall between the bathroom and my room. A small bulb is fixed at a distance of 8 feet from the floor on the wall with no opening. An air conditioner has been fixed on top of the window to regulate the temperature and keep the room air-conditioned. Mauve silk curtains drop over the window from its top all the way down to the floor. The curtains do not have any print and are thus plain. A lilac frill covers about a foot of the curtains from the top. The window opens to the lawn in front of my room. I can see Oak trees and Mulberry bushes from inside my room.  

Buddhist Scriptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhist Scriptures - Essay Example Buddha expects everyone to live and lead a happy and peaceful life. Buddhism does not entertain strange, unfounded beliefs and is not much concerned about what is happening over the sky. It addresses to the day to day secular problems and the procedures to meet the challenges with equanimity, and with a confident mental poise. Buddha is an enlightened soul, and he has transcended the barriers of the mind and he remains in the state of bliss. His revelations (not teachings) are delivered from the conflict-free zone, and hence they are divine-ordained, blemish-free and everlasting. He does not expect his followers to act on blind faith, and advises them to put the individual experiences to test and find out the truth with own efforts. When he says that there are many Buddhas before me and there will be many Buddhas after me and each one of you have the intrinsic capacity to become Buddha, he means that the path of self-realization is possible with one’s individual efforts only. There are no shortcuts to attain that divine state, and get freedom from dualities. Buddhism prescribes twin goals for an individual. They are, to know self and to learn the teachings of Buddha. The ordinary nature of an individual relates to the gross traits like anger, fear, jealously and other negative feelings. The other is the true nature (the divine one) that is wise, pure and perfect. That is the state of bliss and in terms of Buddhism it is called Buddha nature. The difference between the two natures is the former is the non-awakened state and the latter is the awakened state. In the Buddhist scriptures, one will find elaborate commentaries on profound topics and universal truths like, nothing is lost in the universe, everyt hing changes, law of cause and effect, the four noble truths, etc. When one reads the variety of Buddhist Scriptures, they apparently appear full of contradictions but their essence is the same. Their perplexity is

Uncertainty reduction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Uncertainty reduction theory - Essay Example lationship has been made certain and they seem to be engaging in verbal discussion probably disclosing information about self and reciprocating each other’s feelings based on how they are looking at each other. The film the Twilight is about a young man who is a vampire and a young lady who are schoolmates. The man distances himself from others and does not consider himself likeable to anyone. The young woman however sees something different in him that she likes and hence tries to find out more about him as well as seek courage and opportunity to be close to him. The Twilight is the best film to explain the concept of uncertainty reduction theory. Bella observes Edward from a far in the cafeteria trying to figure him out and wanting to know about him and why he seems mysterious. This is the passive strategy phase where there is simply observation of the person in an environment that seems natural. Bella goes further and starts asking fellow students about Edward in a bid to find out more about him and this is the active strategy phase. The fact that they take the class is an added advantage to the fact finding mission. Finally the opportunity to talk to him comes when Edward is made Bella’s Biology partners and they get to talk. This is the interactive strategy phase of the theory (Littlejohn and Foss 52). The talk reduces the uncertainties Bella had about Edward as she gets to know him better through verbal output as they talk and non-verbal warmth as either party shows signs of willingness to be more than lab partners. They self-disclose information about each other while communicating and they start reciprocating their feelings towards each other once the liking and similarity phase has passed and they have formed a relation even though it has its own share of complications (Knapp and Vangelisti, 64). The uncertainty reduction theory has helped explain my relationship with my best friend fort the last four years. I saw her when she moved into my

Decision-Making Case Study Essay Example for Free

Decision-Making Case Study Essay The current grave state of the economy has had a significant impact on health care across The United States. Massive budget cuts, reduced services, and limited access to care significantly have affected Medicaid patients. Hennepin County Clinic (HCC), a facility that provides health care to Medicaid patients, is dealing with an additional 15% budget cut that will force management to make decisions about which services must be changed or eliminated while still meeting the basic needs of the clients. Stemming from consumers’ increased demands for enhanced quality of care and greater accountability from health care organizations, leaders must engage in decision-making that incorporates evidence from well-conducted research whenever possible. The Informed Decisions Toolbox (IDT), a process of evidence-based decision-making, involves six steps in the decision-making process (Rundall, et. al, 2007). While every step is consequential, step two, the process of gathering evidenced-based sources of information, is the most important tool in decision-making. The IDT plays an important role in increasing organizational accountability, facilitating knowledge transfer within a facility, and contributing to a questioning organization. Step One The first step in the IDT is formulating a question or questions behind the decision. This is done in such a way that will increase the likelihood of uncovering useful research studies. As a manager, one must discover what information is needed to make the best decision. When investigating the needs of Medicaid clients and deciding which clinical services to change or eliminate, it is vital to research information regarding the various services used by these patients. The manager must ask several questions. Do individuals enrolled in Medicaid have unique health needs that differ from the larger population? What are the services most utilized within HCC at any given time? In what ways will service cuts and elimination of resources   affect the clients? What services can be outsourced to other facilities that accept Medicaid? Can the current physician staff be reduced, and the use of nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants be implemented? Step Two After the questions are formulated, step two involves identifying credible sources of information to answer these questions. In an age of abundant technological resources, a large percentage of sources may be found on research-based websites, bibliographic databases, online academic and peer-reviewed journals, books or other publications, and government reports, to name a few (The Center for Health Research, 2011). It may also be helpful for the manager to locate internal information available within the clinic that will tailor to the unique needs of HCC. While the IDT mainly focuses on evidenced-based sources of information, the manager may also utilize supportive colloquial knowledge from and opinions of colleagues, employees, patients, and other health care professionals (Rundall, et. al, 2007). Steps Three, Four, and Five Steps three through five take the collected research and evaluate its accuracy, applicability, and â€Å"actionability.† First, step three emphasizes the accuracy of the research presented. The manager must question if the research is of high-quality, originates from a credible source, presents complete and balanced viewpoints, and comprises reliable and valid measurements (The Center for Health Research, 2011). Step four highlights the applicability of the research. The manager must ask if the research is relevant to his or her question at hand and whether or not it applies specifically to HCC. Step five focuses on the â€Å"actionability† of the research. The manager needs to know how the research is going to be implemented and who exactly is going to do it. Step five also pertains to the implications and importance of the research studied (The Center for Health Research, 2011). Step Six Finally, step six allows the manager to look at his or her organization’s needs and values to determine if the research fits the context of its unique situation. The manager must question if the collected research is adequate to make a useful decision and if there is a single best option, multiple  practical options, or even inadequate evidence to make a decision (The Center for Health Research, 2011). Most Valuable Tool Although every step in the IDT has much significance and step one builds the foundation on which to define the problem at hand, the tool that would be the most valuable is step two, identifying credible evidenced-based sources of information. Health care workers who provide care based on knowledge from evidenced-based studies deliver significantly better care and produce better outcomes (Melynk Fineout-Overholt, 2005). Because of this, the process of identifying these studies is vital to the survival of an organization. The knowledge discovered during research can be a valuable source of strength to the organization by combining it with the unique employee and patient opinions and preferences. This process of searching for information can also contribute to organizational growth through the sharpening of knowledge and skills of decision makers. With regard to HCC, step two is very valuable in deciding which clinical services need to be eliminated primarily because locating appropriate research studies is the foundation of finding the solution to the question. Through the selection of evidenced-based articles, the manager can compare and contrast how other organizations dealt with budget cuts and the solutions they implemented. Accountability Utilizing the IDT greatly affects organizational accountability. Hospital organizations and clinics have to function according to the strict rules and regulations of such agencies as JCAHO and CMS, and at the same time, respond to the ever increasing needs demands of consumers for improved quality of care (Rundall, et. al, 2007). These added pressures force management to make comprehensive, precise, and influential decisions that they cannot formulate with personal knowledge and experience alone. Because of this, management needs to apply the best evidence available in making these consequential decisions. Knowledge Transfer Knowledge transfer aims to deliver research-based information and guarantee its availability for future members within an organization (Pentland Forsyth, 2011). Within health care facilities, it is important for newfound  research evidence to be transferred into clinical practice and policy development. Management and decision makers must communicate clearly to the health care team and make them aware of decisions that are made and how the decisions will affect them. Team members are encouraged to share their understanding with others to expedite knowledge transfer within the facility. Knowledge transfer facilitates shared intelligence, improved employee performance, higher levels of innovation within the organization, and economic growth (Rundall, et. al, 2007). Questioning Organization The IDT affects an organization in a number of positive ways. Most important, it allows the decision-maker and the health care team to reflect on what was learned, what questions still need to be asked, and what should be done differently next time, which is critical to innovation (Buchen Rowley, 2000). Building a questioning culture within an organization inspires team members to search for answers within evidenced-based research studies and improving the lines of communication among members as well. Conclusion The IDT is an exceptional set of tools that assists management and decision-makers in utilizing evidenced-based research in confronting and responding to pressing questions that significantly affect an organization. The IDT plays an important role in increasing organizational accountability, facilitating knowledge transfer, and contributing to a questioning organization. In the case of HCC, the manager utilized the IDT by formulating questions to determine which clinical services to change or eliminate based on the various health care needs of Medicaid clients. The manager identified various credible sources of information to answer these questions, which has been determined the most valuable tool within the IDT. The research evidence was examined to determine its accuracy, applicability, and â€Å"actionability.† Finally, the manager assessed to see if the collected research was both adequate and met the specific needs of HCC, which is what the IDT was designed to do. References Buchen, I, Rowley, L. (2000). The questioning culture: Perpetual state of the art. Performance Improvement, (39)5, 26-30. Melynk, B., Fineout-Overholt, E. (2005). Evidence based practice in nursing and healthcare. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Pentland, D., Forsyth, K. (2011). Key characteristics of knowledge transfer and exchange in healthcare: integrative literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(7), 1408-25. Rundall, T., Martelli, P., Arroyo, L., McCurdy, R., Neuwirth, E., et al. (2007). The informed toolbox: Tools for knowledge transfer and performance improvement. Journal of Healthcare Management, 25(5), 325-341. The Center for Health Research. (2011). The informed decisions toolbox. Retrieved from http://www.toolbox.berkeley.edu/overview.

Othello Plot Points Essay Example for Free

Othello Plot Points Essay Othellos Ensign, hates him cause hes black, wants Cassios job, believes he would be better Cassio- Innocent Party, gets a job as Othellos Lieutenant, gets into a fight and his stripped of rank, but goes to Desdemonia to try and win back Othellos favour Roderigo- Loves Desdemonia, is persuaded by Iago to attempt to kill Cassio, is murdered by Iago to remain silent (d) Emilia- Married to Iago, gives iago the handkerchief that convinces Othello that Desdemonia and Cassio had a relationship (d) Plot Othello marries Desdemonia in secret. However Roderigo goes to her father and blows their cover. Othello is forced to defend himself from accusations of witchcraft. News of a Turkish invasion of Cyprus reaches Venice, and Othello, with Cassio his new Lieutenant, and Iago, his ensign, are deployed to Cyprus to defend against the Turkish fleet. Desdemonia is allowed to accompany Othello, and Emilia, Iagos wife, accompanies her as her attendant. The enemy fleet is destroyed by a storm. Othello calls for a celebration, during which Iago gets Cassio drunk, who causes a fight. Othello strips him of his rank, and blames him for the disturbance caused by Iago. However, Iago tells Cassio to go to Desdemonia, and convince her to try to plead his case. Whilst Cassio does this, Iago goes to Othello and hints that Cassio and Desdemonia are having an affair. For the rest of the film, Honest Iago controls the actions of the characters, turning Othello against his wife and Roderigo against Cassio so that, at the end of the play, Roderigo attempts to murder Cassio, while Othello smothers his wife after accusing her of betraying him and having an affair with Cassio. Roderigo fails, and after he is identified as Cassios attacker Iago murders him, claiming to have been overcome with rage, but really silencing to cover his involvement. Othello then murders his wife, however Emilia walks in calls for help. As the truth comes out, Othello realises his wife was innocent. Iago murders his wife after she reveals what he has done. He is then captured and brought before Othello, who stabs him but does not murder him, saying he would prefer Iago live in pain for the rest of his life than die. Othello then kills himself out of guilt at what he has done. Iago is hauled off to be tortured, and Cassio is made Governer of Cyrpus. The end.

Performance Objectives At The Dell Company

Performance Objectives At The Dell Company Dell is concerned about the satisfaction of the customers requirements. The company is also having an eye on the price factor. Furthermore Dell is helping its own suppliers to improve the services they are offering to the company. In regards to Dell, here are the basic five performance objectives of Dell. This includes Quality, Speed. Dependability, Flexibility, Cost (Slack, N. Et al, 2001) The performance objectives in accordance to the company Dell. Quality Doing the things in the right way by providing the error free goods and services, which will satisfy the needs of customers, is known as the quality. According to many case studies, IBM products are ranked as the top of the year in the third party customer surveys. Dell Assembling and manufacturing process covers assembly and software installation of the computer system, also it includes the functional testing and quality control. Most of the company operations are done in house to measure and keep the quality high. Speed The second performance objective is the speed, which means that by doing things fastly is the key feature of the best companies. It also covers to minimise the time between the order and the availability of the product or service that the customer a speed advantage. The techniques of Dell are focused to the operations that have reduced complexity by using simple and small process which have reduced complexity. By arranging layout and flow to enhance simplicity improves speed of production. As the era of machines have minimised the working of the human beings. So the company Dell is using the most advanced and simple means of building and assembling the computers. Dependability Dependability is another performance objective of operations. It means that doing things in time for customers to receive the goods or the services when their delivery is promised. The Dell process includes Just-in- time (JIT) production system. To get the good result Dell is holding the multi skilled workers to cope up with its daily business operations. At Dell improving quality and efficiency is a concern for the managers and the technical staff and all other concerned employees. By doing this, Dell is giving a dependability advantage to its customers. Flexibility Dell have the philosophy of responding to the dynamic environment is that organization change their products and services the way do the business. This performance objective is known as flexibility. A clear result of responding to a dynamic environment is that organisation change their products and services and changes the way they do business. This performance objective is known as flexibility. According to research that we must learn to love change and develop flexible and responsive organizations to cope with the dynamic business environments (Peters, T., 1998) In the company Dell, the manufacturing means the ability to adopt its efficient resources so that it can develop new products. On contrary IBM was able to achieve high level of flexibility, producing relatively small batches of different products with little or no loss of productivity and quality. During the past years Dell, has provided range of options that customers are able to choose the example is customised computer system, which user can modify the parts according to their own needs by going on the website of Dell. Cost One of the major Dell operations objectives is to remain the low cost producer. Particularly the companies are competing on the pries is the cost factor. As the low price is the universal attraction for the customers, which can be achieved at producing the low cost. In order to do things cheaply, Dell is looking to be the low cost provider of goods and services. So already the company have planned and on other hand got some operations majorly in china where the cheap labour is available and the factors of production like resources physically available to be remained the low cost producer. Also internally, cost performance is helped by good performance in the other performance objectives that Dell has managed to produce high quality computers at a reasonable price. By improving the quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost operations performance, Dell is a global growth and high percentage of customer satisfaction. Because of the success in the production by using the Just-in-time system of manufacturing and developments, Dell is world known brand. Dell is world leader in supply chain management and it keeps the production cost down with the high quality, maximum speed, on time delivery, flexibility. Dell has the supplies from those companies which are also the market leader in the computer industry. Dell has shifted its operations to different countries like china, Korea and Taiwan in search of the cheap input (raw material and labour). This makes easier for Dell to produce products at a lower cost. Operating continuously gives dependability advantage to its customers by making it easy to deliver its production in the market palace. Using these operations objectives Del has managed to keep its customers happy and compete successfully with other companies in global market. Analysing these characteristics we can say that Dell is a world class company Quality Management Tools at Dell The company Dell is following the Japanese philosophy of lean manufacturing and Just-in-time system which is enabling the company to be the fastest growing company in the Technology market. The basic concept of this system is to reduce the waste and increase the productivity, side by side this system have the efficiency that it reduce the labour cost by cutting the idle working hours for the production of a particular product. Dell computer is participating in both of the above activities and that is why they are the industry leaders. Dell Company has got a warehouse space at their manufacturing plant in which suppliers keep parts directly on site which is a quintessential JIT layout. Further to this the company is using the JIT for its inventories purpose where they are keeping all the inventories for only four days and this is how they are solving the supply chain problems. On the other hand Del is maintaining the Just In Time inventory level as it is a part of JIT scheduling. By introducing such systems Dell Company is working to reduce inventory to the lowest possible working levels. Secondly by introducing such systems Dell is adjusting its schedule of ordering and delivering the computer systems. This is also filling the gap of communication both up and down of supply chain management. The word partnership is the only key to success for making JIT truly working. A firm particularly cannot implement the JIT system by itself. It must be having a complete cooperation with its supply chain. The company have successfully implemented the concept of JIT. For that reasons Dell have particularly formed and nurtured a demanding relationship with its partners. That is why Dell and its suppliers are working a one company. Why Dell is the best example of JIT, because Dell has its suppliers store raw materials directly at the manufacturing plants. The whole scenario of lean manufacturing can be shown in the diagram below: (www.dynarax.es) The other concepts of Just In Time system also needed to be introduced if the company is going for the lean manufacturing systems. The first thing that Dell makes is the rule of continuous improvement in its processes and products by means of quality and for production efficiency is another tool for that. To achieve its best Dell is always looking for the innovative ways to solve problems and increase focus on the quality of its suppliers. Dell believes that all are the cornerstones of JIT system. On the other hand Dell is working its best to the workforce to get indulge them into the JIT system. The company have the philosophy that without the dedication of the workforce, any invention will fail. On contrary Dell is using the simple way to achieve workforce commitment. Dell is providing the facility of training its employees outside their work environments and business functions and also company is helping them to increase the problem solving ability. Dell also believes that by practicing the above exercise the firm is empowering and giving the employees an overall view of the entire Dell operations, not just their single job. By doing this dell is supporting from the management side also they are increasing the resources to solve problems and an increase in employee roles and responsibilities. The workforce automatically feels empowered and works to make Just In Time a success for the business of Dell. Benefits to Dell Following are benefits which Dell has achieved so far by implementing the JIT system in its operations. JIT enabled Dell to be cost effective, more efficient and customer responsive. It enabled the company to purchase and store the components just before they are needed in the assembly line. This is how Dell is cutting the cost of housing and managing the idle parts of computers. The company Dell enabled its suppliers to store their products in the Dell owned warehouses near to the assembling plants which is enabling Dell to produce double as compared to its production in past. Dells keep the inventory for only four days; this is enabling the firm in operating context the size and the production technology management. JIT enabling the company to remain dealing with its other operation and process of production rather to stuck with inventory that may become obsolete. Dell is also enabled with the waste management system by introducing the JIT system. JIT In Practice Dell is a well known brand which is operating in the business of Technology. This is a only company that is effectively utilising Just in time system. Dell has the revolution of selling the personal computer system using the direct business model. According to this model Dell is taking the orders directly from the customers. This is how they are reducing the inventory and managing the distribution of its products. According to this model Dell start assembling the product when they receive the customer order. For this particular purpose Dell have introduced the pull system within the supply chain. A pull system is a reactive system, it start responding when customers order something from the company. This unique system is making Dell to remain competitive with in the industry on computer systems. The company Dell use to keep their inventory for a week almost. This is providing Dell with a time to market its product as a market leader. Also it is enabling the customers to get the fresh, latest and greatest technology of processors and all associated operating system currently introduced in the market. The minimal inventory helps Dell with the economic advantage. Because according to a research the value of the computer components and manufacturing material declines about one percent per week. The one week inventory system also minimises a customers ability to change their desires before they receive their product. The company Dell is using the JIT system which is resulting in the cost saving, superior customers satisfaction, limited waste and the ability to provide their suppliers with more information. In the end it is making Dell an industry leader and the company which holds minimal inventory (www.academicmind.com) Conclusion While concluding the report for Dell, it is important to say that there are many factors which ar enabling the company to be an effective organization and the operations objectives and the JIT system of manufacturing is also allowing the company to remain as the market leader in the computer industry.

Essay --

Proteins control all biological systems in a cell. Some proteins are able to perform their tasks independently; while many other proteins within a cell interact with other proteins to function properly. Protein interactions within a cell regulate cell behavior at a systems level. Thus, elucidating the structure and dynamics of protein interaction networks in vivo is a central goal in biology. The identification of the protein interaction networks (PINs) inside a cell is crucial to understanding the fundamental questions about how a cell is able to organize matter, information and energy transformations to preform specific functions at a biochemical level. The discovery of novel protein-protein interactions and determining how these proteins function in a network is fundamental to understanding biological systems. This new way of studying biological systems is called interactomics. While several genomes of different species have been sequenced, many proteins that are encoded in the genome have yet to have their function or relevance determined. Although there is an increasing importance to map out protein interaction networks, the actual detection of protein-protein interactions is complicated. Proteins have various charges and numerous secondary and tertiary structures they can fold into. Also, there are countless parameters that can change their interactions with other proteins in the cell. Furthermore, many protein-protein interactions can be transient, in that they only are short lived or require specific condition to facilitate their interaction with other proteins. Several Methods have been used to study protein-protein interactions. However, one rarely addressed question is whether protein-protein interactio... ... broad overview of the structural and functional networks within a living cell. However, there are plenty more areas of the interactome that can be explored, such as the dynamics of the interactions as well as how different growth condition affect protein interaction networks. Also, a wide variety of different reporter genes can be used to study temporal and spatial interactions over a comprehensive range of time periods as well as other distresses. Furthermore, since the PCA can provide a reference for spatial dynamics of different protein-complex topologies since it is able to generate a map at 8nm resolution. The integration of the results found using the PCA technique with gene regulation dynamics and protein modification can lead to a better understanding about how cellular processes are organized at a molecular and structural level within a living cell.

Radio Controlled Airplanes :: essays research papers

Teenagers have many hobbies and interests and one thing that the hobbies have in common is that every hobby requires specific steps in order to archive success. Some hobbies require very little training such as baseball card collecting. other hobbies take quite a lot of training, to preform correctly. There are some very important steps to take in order to be successful in the hobby, radio controlled airplanes, and they are researching the type of planes, selecting and purchasing the plane, and assembling and flying it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first step for getting into the hobby of R.C.A. is to read as much as possible concerning R.C.A., and visit a quality hobby shop. The library and well stocked hobby shop are the best places to start. The library will have books that contain information about the various types of planes as well as the ease or difficulty of operating certain types of planes. The last step in the initial process is to go to the hobby shop and select a airplane based on the ease of assembly and price that is in ones budget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second step in the process is the assembly of the R.C.A. It is essential that the area for assembly be clean and devoid of clutter. All of the instructions should be read and committed to memory. Next the individual should lay out all of the parts according to the orders of assembly. The last step in this second process is correctly assemble the R.C.A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concluding and most enjoyable step is the actual flying of the plane. It is important to contact the local R.C.A club and find out where the meetings are located , where they fly their airplanes and what it takes to join the club. After the information is gained its time to go out and fly the R.C.A. Try to watch a person use the controls and learn as much as possible from an individual who has flown for a long time and is proficient at flying.

Islam in morned times :: essays research papers

Mission Statement for The Study of Islam Section @ the American Academy of Religion The American Academy of Religion is the world's largest learned society and professional association of scholars and teachers in the field of religion. Through academic conferences, publications and a variety of program and membership services, the American Academy of Religion (AAR) fosters excellence in scholarship and teaching. It also aims to advance publication and scholarly communication on religion; to welcome multiple perspectives on the study of religion; to support racial, ethnic and gender diversity within the Academy; and to seek ways to contribute to the public understanding of religion. The AAR's annual meeting is held every year in late November and provides a lively and enabling context for free inquiry, disciplined reflection and scholarly exchange on the world's religions. The Study of Islam section is one of fourteen program units of the AAR and was officially recognized in 1986. It is one of the major sections of the AAR with a long-standing and committed participation of more than a hundred active members. One of the most diverse groups in the AAR, the section's presenters, panelists, and audience represent scholars at all stages of their academic careers. The section also features regular attendance and participation of international scholars from countries including Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, and China. The Study of Islam section serves as a forum for current research on Islam. The annual meeting of the AAR sponsors at least five sessions related to the study of Muslim faith and practice as well as additional individual presentations on Islamic topics in other program units and sessions. The cultural and linguistic diversity, the regional and historical range, and the varieties of methodologies currently used in Islamic Studies make the section's offerings rich and diverse from year to year. The themes of the sessions fall under the following categories: 1. The study of Islamic texts and scriptures; 2. The study of lived Islam in various regions and cultures; 3. Methodology and approaches to the study of Islam; 4. Issues such as gender, liberation theology, human rights; 5. Specializations within Islamic studies including Mysticism, Law, Theology, Philosophy, Shi‘ism. Our policy is to encourage methodological sophistication, ideological diversity and inter-disciplinary discussion in our program. Shared sessions with other program units of the academy have encompassed fields such as Islamic Ethics, Gender, Islamic and Judaic Studies, and Islam and Academic Teaching, and the Study of Religion.

Outline Spelling and Structure Check Essay

I. Introduction. 1. African American women are faced with the conflict between reality and their happiness. The reality is that African American women are facing unfair treatment, unjust social structure, and racism in a society that consists of white people as the majority. They will be able to achieve happiness and acceptance when they are treated just as the white people are treated, when respect to the African American race is recognized, and when they are provided more opportunities and not discriminated just because of their color. 2. Elise Jonson McDougald wrote the essay entitled â€Å"The Task of Negro Womanhood† for all African America women. 3. In the novel Passing by Nella Larsen, two characters, Irene and Clare, demonstrated the problems of African American women outlined in McDougal’s essay. 4. Looking at the two characters, we analyze what â€Å"passing† truly means. We also look at why the women pass off as a white person, how they are doing this, and what results do they get. Only after can we find the solution for the two women’s happiness in the McDougald essay. 1. Clare desires for the outside beauty. She gives importance to material things. She deceives her husband when she passes off as a white person when the truth is, she belongs to the African American race. She gets what she has dreamed of all of her life. However, she is not happy because of her lies and not knowing where to place herself in society. 2. She felt lonely, as she could not relate her problem to her husband. She then meets her old friend, Irene, whom she started to compare herself with. As a result, she realizes that material things are not essential in life and that family and identity are the more important things that she has to think about. Ultimately, her lying leads to her death. 2. For Irene, family is more important. She has the right moral values. When she met Clare, she also started to compared herself with the other woman. She felt inferior to Clare and worried living as   a true African American woman. She forced her husband to be a doctor and regret not â€Å"passing.† As a consequence, she lost her husband’s trust when she sat back and let Clare die. 3. The two women fail to live a happy life. McDougald gave each other solutions to their misery. 4. Conclusion.  McDougald emphasizes the beauty and importance of African American women’s identity. What does the color â€Å"black† for African American mean? Black color is the African American’s racial stem. They have to understand first about their race and their history, and then we can change problems that they deal with from the society. In the novel, both women

Letter Of Application Essay

I am writing to apply for the position of Marketing Manager in your Tokyo office, as advertised in last week’s Independent newspaper on 9th October. As outlined in my curriculum vitae, which I have enclose, I attend Riverside Secondary School I Gloucester where I completed my GCSE and ‘A’ level studies. In 1987 I graduated from the University of Wales with BSc in Business Studies. After graduation I moved to Tokyo where I trained as a market researcher for the Yen Company for two years. On my return to England, I continued working as a market researcher until 1993 when I obtained my present position. I am currently employed as Assistant Managing Director at Melton Enterprises, where my duties include the organization of staff and stock, as well as the allocation of budget within the Sales Department. I am also responsible for overseeing the whole business, and I am generally noted for my good organizational and managerial skills. I believe that I would be an ideal candidate for the position you have outlined, as I have had an extensive marketing training with a well known Japanese marketing and public relations firm. My time spent living in Tokyo also ensured that I obtained a valuable insight into Japanese culture and working practices. I also have a number of good business contacts in Tokyo, as well as basic understanding of the Japanese language, which is necessary if one is to be able to work effectively. Finally, I am willing to be relocated at a short notice, which I understand to be a requirement of this position. I enclose my curriculum vitae and a photography as requested, and I would be happy to supply you with further details should they be required. I thank you for considering my application and I am willing to attend an interview at any time.

Religion and Corruption in Nigeria Essay

In the constitution of our nation religion feature prominently at the very beginning. I the preamble to the 199 constitution, it is affirmed and solemnly resolved that we intend to live in hrity and harmony as one indivisible and in dissolvable fevereigh nation under God. Indeed the overwhelming mighty of Nigerian are religions people we believe in the supremacy of God, we believe that God is the very basis of our individual lives and our corporate existence. We believe in and relate with supernatural realities through prayers and supplications and through the offering of sacrifices find churches, musgus shrines and Sunday prayer houses everywhere in the land we take part in crusades, worship sessions and might rights, we offer sacrifices and observe fasting days and religions holidays, and we so in large numbers on religion is pilgrimages to Jerusalem and mecca, taking pride in being called Jerusalem pilgrims (JP) or Alhaji throughout our lives. While thee is noticeable decline in religion farour in may parts of the world to lay the religion inter praise seem to thrive very much in Nigeria, as more and more company ware houses private buildings, schools, and our spirit stadia are being courted to prayer arena, and the stadia hort more religion crusades than for spiriting events. It is noticeable that street within our town and villages as well as inter-state highways are often blocked these days by enthusiastic worshippers who flock to church and camp meetings. It is not and exaggeration to state that there are as many churches and Mosques as there are streets in our urban areas. According to Norimitsa Onishi in an article in new York times march 13,2002 â€Å"Christianity is growing faster in sub-Saharan Africa than in any other place on earth. Roman Catholicism and the other Major protestant denomination are gaing mine follows everyday, but new churches are leading the boom. Within this religion firmament, bishops, evangelists pastors, prophet, faith leaders and visionaries, as well as sheikhs, mams and gurus of all sorts are swelling in number and having a failed day in recent past a new dimension has been added to the throwing religions enterprise. And this is the increased patronage of high ranking public official who not openly call for and sponsm regular prayers sessions in different churches and prayer houses have themselves become born again Christians and prayer erchants, often appearing at church crusades and prayer vigils with all the paraphernalia of public office and sometimes grabbing the microphone to render sanctiononion homilies and earthshaking prayers. Also worthy of note is that these days prayer and preaulims sessions are no longer limited to churches, Mosques and homes, but they are held in government offices, in commercial buses, corporate boardrooms and in open markets. Nigerian going about their daily businesses are seen brandishi ng the Bible Wkoran, the Rosary or Islamic prayer beads. The langeil bill boards in our town and cities are those colvertising upcoming religions crusades are faith healing carnivals. The exclamations, to God be the glory, praise the Lord, the Lord is God, Bless you, â€Å" and Alaahu wa K’bar,† are often on the lips of Nigeria at worker at play from the exacted members of the National Executive council or Council of State to the young own who are about to sick common entrance examination. Succinctly put from all outward indication Nigerians are a chronically religions people. Unarguably one can perrps say about there is no nation in the modem world unit as muner religiosity as contemporary Nigerian . Now how do you place the religion piety of Nigeria with the endemic corruption in our society ? With all the show of religiosity one would have expected to see a very high degree of social morality in Nigeria, since all world religions generally promote truth, justice, honesty and probity. But this is a reverse case withy us. The is an embarrassing contradiction between the high ethical demands of the religion profess by majority of Nigerian and the phenomenon of corruption greed and graft that has earned our country one of the most corrupt nation in the world. Some observes of the phenomenon actually say that corruption is so endemic in the Nigeria society that the society economic and political system can almost not tinetion without it. Along side religiosity corruption in its many shapes and sizes is becoming in Nigeria- from the petty bribery taken in the work in the office or the policeman at the check point, to the grand corruption by which huge project contract are hurriedly awarded, not for the sake of common good, but because of the greed awarding official, who requires some money via contract â€Å"kick-baiks† The Nigeria society is prevalence with frauct, thievery and roguery even as our environment is a wash with prayers and ritual sacrifices to the God of truth, justice and holiness. Doesn’t it seen a contradictory to many highly placed Nigeria hat they embezzle and misappropriate stupendous amounts of public and company, and even church funds while at the same time trying to occupy the front seats and even struggle or pray to take religion titles in their churches corruption is so perverse that it has infiltrated every facet of the Nigeria society procure medical certificates of fitness from hospitals when they have not undergone any medicate testy obtain sick leave permits from doctors when they hale and hearty, falsify the age of their children obtain fake certificate in order to gel them to school or obtain jobs for them, routinely swear to false affidavit in order to obtain false age declarations when seeking employment etc. it is a statement or fast that many or those who today and drivers licence have never been to a drawing school. They simply pay for the license and declare themselves drivers thereby putting the lives of genuine drivers into jeopa rdy. Many of our country men who flock our churches on Sundays and fill the mosque on Fridays are constantly involve in such fraudulent activities as evading tax, issuing and obtaining of take receipts, over invoicing and under –invoicing importation of take drugs, petty and large scale bribery, take anclit report, adverse fee frond, ete. All these practices are so common place so inside spread that many Nigerian youths can not decipher between good eril or between what is right and wrong. As a result, corruption in Nigeria has been described as system, and the consequence are legion corruption has bred in efficiency and diminished productivity in both the public and private sectors of the economy. It has discourage investment, fuelled capital flight, increased unemployment and inflation, created and acute degree of poverty, brought about a severe decline in the quality of life and life expectancy in Nigeria and given Nigeria and Nigeria a terribly bad image in the cornity of Nations. Infant corruption is an affront on human dignity and an assault on the human conscience apart from being a negation of the Christian rocation to promote holiness and righteousness in the world. Are they truly Christians? This question is pertinent and fundamental because many of our people who engage in the sharp practices enumerated above would like to be seen as pious Christians. But really are they? Do they really know the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of holiness and righteousness, who in Leviticus 19:2 says† be holy for the Lord am holy† Do they really know the God of Moses and Joshua who on mount Siriat presented the ten commandment as the tempt of his contract with him people insisting that fidelity to this ethical code is what will distinguish his people from others? Do Nigerian who claim to worship God, but who at the same time offer and take bribe, defraud, evade tax and circumvent justice know the God of Mosses who in Exodus 22:8 says â€Å" You will accept no bribes, for a bribe blinds the clear sighted and is the cause of the ruin of the upright. Do they know the God of the prophets who in Isaiah 33:15 says that the person who will be qualified to be in his presence is the one who â€Å"acts uprightly and speaks honestly, who scorns to be rich by extortion, who rejects bribes out of hand, who refuses to listen to plan involving bloodshed and shuts his eyes rather than countenance crime. Do Nigerian worshippers who make a daily show of their religiosity known that what the Lord truly require of us is to love terekerly, to do justice and to work humbly by me God (Micah6:8 John the Baptist while preparing for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ crudemned the kind of religion that thrives side by side with corruption as empty ritualism. In his addrer to those who gathered to listen to him, amongst whom were solders and tax collectors, he admonished â€Å"Exalt no more than the appointed rate†¦ No intimidation. No Excntinu be content with your pay† Luke 3:13-14. Jesus himself denounced the kind of religions practice that was not matched by high moral and ethical standards in realize that not all those who claim to be Christians will enter the kingdom of heaven but only those who do the will of the father Mathew 5. This Christianity make no room for crooks and fraudsters. It has no place for those who offered take bribes. Genuine Christianity does not accommodate the cnetire of â€Å" settlement† in Nigeria to day. Therefore, faced with the contradiction and the embarrassment of a booming Christianity in the most of an environment that stinks with corruption and indiscipline, one is poise to conclude that what is spreading like wildfire in contemporary Nigeria is not genuine Christianity at all, but a masc movement with elements of Christian ritualism, one that is in large measure shallow, superficial, noisy and devoid of substance and depth. Popular Christianity in Nigeria is often Materialistic and individualistic in orientation, with an in credibly high sense of devotion to the cult of material and physical prosperity, success and healing, and with little or no attention at all given to the social morality of the believing persons.

Critical Commentary Maori to Pakeha Essay

The language techniques of tone, rhetorical question, repetition, analogy and Maori language are all used to clearly illustrate the authors feeling of anger and support the dominant themes throughout the poem. Stanza one explores the idea of separation between Maori and Pakeha through a tone that that is accusatory and suggests anger. The first few lines using a repetition of referring to Pakeha as â€Å"You† instantly creates an idea of separatism which is then understood as negative through the use of describing Pakeha as â€Å"Beak-nosed hairy-limbed narrow-footed†. All three of these adjectives have negative connotations instantly setting the tone for the poem. As the stanza progresses this negative attitude towards the Pakeha is reinforced, supporting the negative tone. Meanwhile trampling Persia/Or is it India, underfoot/With such care less feet† is an example of this, touching upon colonization, the sentence before this which reads â€Å"You singing/Some old English folksong† gives further meaning to the colonization and therefore, oppression. It is not just the land they are colonizing but their culture too, as singing is something which is heard and gets into the mind of the people, overriding all thoughts. Stanza’s two and three introduce the device of rhetorical questio n which are used for effect to add to the accusatory tone of the poem. An example of this is â€Å"Where do you think you are going? † used as the opening sentence of stanza two, which is the first rhetorical question used in the poem, and â€Å"Who do you think you are? † used as the last line of stanza three. Supporting the critical tone of the poems, the rhetorical questions are used to illustrate to the reader the author’s feeling of contempt towards the Pakeha. The use of ‘think’ in both of these rhetorical questions is important as it is this word which gives the words surrounding it, and therefore the sentence, its accusatory tone. It turns a relatively evenly toned â€Å"Where are you going? and â€Å"Who are you† into a harsh sounding accusation, therefore adding to the negative tone. Stanza two further demonstrates the idea of separatism through the use of the rhetoric technique, repetition. More specifically the repetition is regarding the colour of skin. For example â€Å"This is brown country, man/Brown on the inside/As well as the outside/Brown through and through/Even the music is brown† The effect that this has is that it emphasizes the author’s feelings towards the separatism, it shows that the author is for the separatism where she believes the Pakeha should leave them alone and have no right to be there. The repetition of ‘colour’ and ‘brown’ also illustrate that being Maori is more than just a skin colour, they are â€Å"Brown through and through† meaning that their culture is all encompassing and the Pakeha aren’t just trying to collonise their land, â€Å"Can’t you see you’ve strayed/Into another colour zone? † but also in a manner of speaking collonise their culture as well, which links into the idea of oppression. Analogy is also used throughout the poem to support/illustrate the poem’s dominant theme of separatism. It is first shown in stanza one, â€Å"Milton directing your head/Donne pumping your heart† This is an analogy for the idea of oppression by Pakeha to Maori as both Milton and Donne were important poet’s and political figures in 17th century England. The idea that this portrays is that the Pakeha are all ruled by a unified thought that someone else has decided for them, following their ideas and instructions in a cult-like manner. As the poem progresses, the author starts to incorporate Maori language terms into the poem in order to illustrate resistance to the oppression. For example, in the last stanza of the poem Maori words are used as follows â€Å"Give your mihi tonight/Korero mai/Till dawn breaks with a waiata. † The following four lines give meaning to the use of Maori words â€Å"Meanwhile holding me gently/Firmly captive/Here, in the tight curve/of your alien arm† showing that even though the Pakeha are metaphorically holding the Maori â€Å"firmly captive†¦in the tight curve of your alien arm† which is representing oppression, the speaker is still doing all she can to resist, shown through the use of Maori language even though the poem is directed at English speakers. This idea of resistance is the idea which the author ends the poem on, leaving the reader with the sense of the author fighting oppression and fighting for her Maori heritage. Tone, rhetorical question, repetition, analogy and Maori language are several language techniques that are effectively used throughout the poem â€Å"Maori to Pakeha† by J. C Sturm in order to support and illustrate the dominant themes of separatism and oppression.

A Successful Failure in Apollo 13 Project

The launch of Apollo 13 began on April 11, 1970. Mr. James A. Rober, member of the crew, commander, John L. Swigate, Jr. It is the command cabin pilot, Fred W. Haise, Jr., a module pilot of the moon. All test modules seem to be ready for release. However, before the launch, several problems occurred, astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly had a measles in Germany and was supposed not to have antibodies. He had to be replaced by John Swigate. The movie I chose was Apollo 13, which was a successful failure about the mission of Apollo 13. Captain Apollo 13, Jim Robell, is the character I chose to write. Lovell faced many life and death decisions and had to choose between living a lifelong dream or living with a family. Jim Lovell is a precious person. He feels strong in self identity, self-esteem, honesty, and confidence. But most importantly, Lovell can prioritize his values, identify the most important things in a difficult environment, play the biggest role in everyone around, and finish the job correctly It will be able to run. When facing a difficult situation, such as failure due to stirring of the oxygen tank, Lovell said that when it reached its final benefit, stirred the tank. Under the psychological efforts of tenacious project managers, situations that are initially unacceptable at first or deemed difficult to deal with will collapse. The classic story about this attitude is the mission of Apollo 13. In his book Failure is not an option (Berkeley Publishing, 2001), Gene Kranz describes the efforts to repair damaged spacecraft life support systems. This is one of the most difficult engineering challenges the team is facing, with serious problems among those with the most specialized knowledge, even partial solutions are possible. Kranz took the position that they not only find a solution but also resolve within a fixed time limit. He refused to accept in any simple way, encouraged his team to explore alternatives, resolve conflicts and concentrate It was a failur e - we see failure because we have to avoid it absolutely. The mission of Apollo 13 is often quoted as failing is not really a choice. However, due to the experience gained by crew rescue, it was classified as successful failure. So there are no plans, failure is the way they learn, this is the way you should learn. Failure, quick failure. I stimulate myself - I do it in two ways. First of all, I sat down and wrote what happened and what I already did. Remember what you can do. Next, I created a mood board or visual board. This is a series of photos that show you what you are trying to achieve. It helps to visualize using images. This will help you stimulate you through difficult times. I have been doing this for about three years and I can not begin telling you how useful it is. Because the picture is often seen, it may be just subconscious - I have pinned my blue beyond the door of learning.

Prader-Willi Syndrome and its Linkage to Genetics Essay

Prader-Willi Syndrome and its Linkage to Genetics - Essay Example Diagnosis and Treatment of Prader-Willis Syndrome†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 7. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 8. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Prader-Willi Syndrome and its Linkage to Genetics Prader-Willi Syndrome, moreover referred to as PWS, is a genetically linked disorder that afflicts various parts of the human anatomy. The disorder presents as hypotonia during infancy, coupled to delayed physical development, stunted growth, and difficulties in feeding. The carrier begins to develop an unusually high appetite beginning in childhood, which results in hyperphagia or continuous over-eating, as well as overweight and obesity (Cassidy & Driscoll 2009). For individuals carrying the defective genes that cause PWS, especially those afflicted by obesity, a high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus II exists. The genetic disorder was first characterized by Heinrich Willi and Andrea Prader before research by Guido Fanconi, Andrew Ziegler, and Alexis Labhart provided more information on the disorder. Prader-Willi Syndrome, as a genetic disorder, involves alterations on chromosome 15(q11-13), whereby seven genes on this chromosome are deleted (Goldstone 2009). Alternatively, the 15q chromosome is not expressed because of a partial deletion on the paternally derived chromosomes. This disorder is prevalent in between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 25,000 of the population. The origin of the defective genes from paternal chromosomes is especially important since the region of the chromosome involved is affected by imprinting from parent origin. This means that only a single gene copy undergoes expression with the other corresponding gene being silenced via imprinting. For those genes that are affected in PWS, the gene that normally undergoes silencing or imprinting is the maternal copy with the expression of the paternal gene copy going ahead (Goldstone 2009). The result of this is that, the carrier only has one working copy of this gene and these PWS carriers possess one silenced copy and one copy that does not work. Prader-Willi Syndrome has a sister syndrome that is known as Angelman Syndrome, which involves maternally-derived genetic material at the same exact genetic location as PWS. While Prader-Willi Syndrome is considered as a rare genetic disorder, it occurs commonly in a majority of genetic clinics, being obesity’s most common genetic cause as identified to date. Prader-Willi Syndrome is prevalent in people of all races, ethnic backgrounds, and gender (Cassidy & Driscoll 2009). Phenotypic Features Associated With the Disease The basis for most of the symptoms presenting in PWS may be due to the brain’s hypothalamic region’s dysfunction (Gelehrter 2008) . The hypothalamic region of the fetus is vital during child labor and its deregulation may help to explain the high number of post-mature or pre-mature births for children later diagnosed with PWS. Abnormal release of Luteinizing Hormone is thought to cause the decreased amount of sex hormones that result in testes not descending, small sized gonads, insufficient growth over puberty, and amenorrhea. Hypothalamic deregulation causes deficiency of growth hormone that contributes to reduced energy expenditure due to a deficit in lean body mass and excessive body fat. Disturbance of hypothalamus action also leads to daytime hyper-somnolence and aberrant body temperature control. Hyperphagia and insatiable hunger

Medical Report for Pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical Report for Pancreatitis - Essay Example Use of the stethoscope revealed an elevated heart and respiratory rate. Findings suggested an acute case of pancreatitis, so the patient was sent for further testing. Laboratory tests showed elevated blood amylase, serum blood amylase, and urine amylase levels, as well as confirming the patients report of hyperlipidemia and hypertriglycerdemia. An abdominal CT scan returned positive results of an inflammation of the pancreas, and ERCP was used to conclusively confirm the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The scan eliminated pancreas divisum as a cause for the condition. CT scan was inconclusive in determining if gallstones have formed as a result of the condition, so an endoscopic ultrasound or ERCP of the gallbladder will be performed. Patient was admitted to in-patient care and given pain medication and an IV drip. Patient is to take no oral food or drink until the condition improves. If pain increases regardless, nasogastric suctioning is indicated to remove the contents of the stomach and further reduce pancreatic function. Furosemide was prescribed to reduce inflammation; azathioprine is not indicated in this case due to lack of evidence of autoimmune problems. Patients calcium levels should be monitored in case of the patient developing hypercalcemia as a result of the reduced pancreatic and liver function until the pancreatitis attack is resolved. Prognosis is generally good in this case, as there appears to be no necrotic tissue on the pancreas and there is no evidence of hemmorhaging. However, case must be taken to watch for complications to include kidney failure, respiratory distress, fluid buildup or ascites, and pancreatic pseudocysts, abscesses, or further inflammation. Patient has been warned to reduce alcohol consumption in the future to reduce the risk of recurrent attack, and to improve his diet to reduce his triglyceride and lipid levels. Repeated attacks increase the possibility of acute pancreatitis becoming chronic. Eventually,